📄️Introduction to System Design
System design is the process of defining the architecture, components and data flow of a system so that it meets its requirements at the required scale.
📄️Scalability and Load Balancing
Design services to be stateless so any instance can handle any request; keep state in a database, cache or session store.
📄️Caching
Caching stores copies of data in a faster location to cut latency and load.
📄️Databases, Replication and Sharding
Synchronous replication gives stronger durability with higher latency; asynchronous is faster but followers can lag (replication lag), so a user may read…
📄️Message Queues and Asynchronous Processing
Queues decouple producers from consumers so work can be buffered, retried and scaled independently.
📄️API Design and Rate Limiting
Model resources with nouns and use HTTP methods for actions.
📄️Reliability and Observability
Everything fails: disks, networks, whole zones. Aim to avoid single points of failure and to degrade gracefully.
📄️Case Study: Design a URL Shortener
A classic problem that exercises most building blocks.